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Human biology
The human body is an amazing biological machine, capable of extreme activities, such as high-elevation rock climbing. While the climber is focusing on her next handhold, the body is coordinating the actions of multiple body systems to ensure that the machine functions at peak performance. For each movement, the nervous system must process thousands of signals from the outside environment. Inputs from the eyes and ears are integrated with information on limb position and muscle fatigue coming from the limbs. At the same time, information on wind velocity and direction, light levels, and even the texture of the rock, are being processed, usually without the climber being aware. Within her body, other organ systems are maintaining a stable internal environment through homeostasis. Excess heat is being dissipated by the respira¬tory and integumentary systems, while the urinary system regulates the pH and water-salt balance of the blood. The respiratory system adjusts for the increase in elevation and the oxygen needs of the muscles. When the climb is over, these same systems will continue to work to ensure that internal environment adjusts for a period of rest. Throughout this textbook you will learn more about the complex interactions that occur within the human body. From a genetic, to cellular, to physiological level, the same processes that make rock climbing possible also control our bodies through their daily activities. By understanding how our bodies function, we can gain a greater understanding of how to live a healthy life.
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